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How do the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle work together in photosynthesis to convert light energy into glucose?
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In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid membranes use light energy to split water, releasing oxygen and producing ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers are then used in the Calvin cycle in the stroma, where the enzyme RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide and synthesizes glucose. Thus, the two stages link by using energy from light to drive carbon fixation and glucose production.